Optimal cross-sectional area distribution of a high-speed train nose to minimize the tunnel micro-pressure wave |
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Authors: | Yo-Cheon Ku Joo-Hyun Rho Su-Hwan Yun Min-Ho Kwak Kyu-Hong Kim Hyeok-Bin Kwon Dong-Ho Lee |
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Affiliation: | (1) Functional Test Team 2, Research & Development Division, Hyundai Kia Motors, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;(2) Wind Turbine Development Team, R&D Center, Hyundai Rotem Company, Uiwang-shi, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;(3) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;(4) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;(5) Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si, Gyeongi-do, South Korea |
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Abstract: | Optimization of the cross-sectional area distribution of a high-speed train nose is conducted for various nose lengths in
order to minimize the micro-pressure wave intensity at a tunnel exit. To this end, an inviscid compressible flow solver is
adopted with an axi-symmetric patched grid system. To improve the shape of the train nose, multi-step design optimization
is performed using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm with a response surface model. The optimization reveals
that the optimal nose shapes differ for different nose lengths. For a short nose, the shape has an extremely blunt front end,
and the cross-sectional area decreases in the middle section. As the nose length increases, the nose shape flattens around
the middle section. These optimal shapes divide one large compression wave into two small waves by causing a strong expansion
effect between the front and rear ends. As a result, through the nose shape optimization, the intensity of the micro-pressure
wave is reduced by 18–27% compared to a parabolic nose, which has a minimum variation of the cross-sectional area change.
The optimized distribution of the cross-sectional area can be used as a guideline for the design of three-dimensional nose
shapes of high-speed trains, further improving their aerodynamic performance. |
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