传统窑居的演进与合院式住宅的定型

以中国北方黄土高原典型的风土聚落静升村为例,针对传统窑居的演进与定型进行了分析,并揭示了其中的控制性因素。通过人类学方法的运用,分别探讨了靠崖窑在选址、空间与环境方面的特征;火炕在窑居生活中的核心作用,敞院对靠崖窑的继承与发展;以及风水禁忌对宅院格局的影响。结果表明,窑洞与火炕是中国北方黄土高原地区居住体系形成与发展的基础所在,以“大游年法”为代表的风水理论与传统生活禁忌则从心理与实践两方面导致了合院式住宅的最终定型。

Evolution of Traditional Cave-House and Finalization of Courtyard House Residence

Based on the example of Jingsheng country,which is a typical vernacular settlement in the Loess Plateau in north China,authors analyzed the evolutional cause and finalization of traditional cave-houses,and revealed their governing factors.Through using anthropological means,authors discussed the sitting,spatial and environmental characteristics of cave-houses,the significance of heated kang in cave-house lives,the succession and development of open courtyards based on cave-houses,and the effect of geomantic omen and taboo on the layout of courtyard houses.The result indicates that the cave-house and heated kang are fundamental in the formation and development of dwelling system in the Loess Plateau in north China,while geomantic omen represented by "dayounian means" and taboo in traditional lives result in the finalization of courtyard house psychologically as well as practically.