The influence of the moisture content of the atmosphere on alumina scale formation and growth during high temperature oxidation of PM2000

Abstract

Preliminary studies have been undertaken on cyclic and isothermal oxidation at 1,300°C of thin (125 μm) samples of commercial ODS alloy PM2000 for up to 350h in two different oxidising environments; dry and moist air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) have been used to study the influence of such environments on alumina scale formation and growth. Initial mass gain observations showed that the alumina scale, which formed on the samples oxidised in air+2.5vol% H₂O grew faster in the early stages of oxidation than in the case of dry air. However the SEM analysis revealed that the scale morphologies in both dry air and air+2.5vol% H₂O were similar. In both cases the scales consisted of equiaxed grains at the scale–gas interface with Ti-rich particles in the outermost part of the scale. The major factor for the total scale failure, the formation of non-protective iron oxide, is the depletion of Al levels to a critical value, below which no protective alumina scale can form; and this occurred slightly faster in moist air than in dry air