Occurrence of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in human breast milk |
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Authors: | Z Zelinková O Novotný J Sch?rek J Haj?lová M Dole?al |
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Affiliation: | Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis , Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Prague, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | A series of twelve breast milk samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) operated in selected ion monitoring mode for 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD). Whilst none of the samples contained 3-MCPD above the limit of detection of 3 μg kg?1 milk, all contained high amounts of 3-MCPD esterified with higher fatty acids. The levels of 3-MCPD released by hydrolysis of these esters (bound 3-MCPD) ranged from the limit of detection (300 μg kg?1, expressed on a fat basis) to 2195 μg kg?1; with a mean level of bound 3-MCPD of 1014 μg kg?1, which corresponded to 35.5 μg kg?1 milk. The presence of bound 3-MCPD was confirmed using orthogonal gas chromatography coupled with high-speed time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis for four randomly selected breast milk samples. Six breast milks collected from one of the nursing mothers 14–76 days after childbirth contained bound 3-MCPD within the range of 328–2078 μg kg?1 fat (mean 930 μg kg?1 fat). The calculated bound 3-MCPD content of these samples was within the range of 6 and 19 μg kg?1 milk (mean of 12 μg kg?1 milk). The major types of 3-MCPD esters were the symmetric diesters with lauric, palmitic, and oleic acids, and asymmetric diesters with palmitic acid/oleic acid among which 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol 1,2-dioleate prevailed. |
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Keywords: | breast milk 3-chloropropane-1 2-diol (3-MCPD) bound 3-MCPD 3-MCPD fatty acid esters organochlorine contaminants organohalogens |
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