抗菌肽的来源、活性及作用机制最新研究进展

在过去的几十年中,抗生素药物的过量使用导致耐药性(antimicrobial resistance, AMR)的产生,这促使人们开始寻找传统抗生素的潜在替代品,从而降低AMR的发生率。目前,研究人员开始持续关注具有广谱抗菌活性的抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides, AMPs)。AMPs是一种能够抑制细菌、真菌、病毒、寄生虫、肿瘤细胞等的小分子多肽,是不同生物体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,是宿主抵御病原体的第一道防线,具有快速杀伤活性、低毒性和细胞选择性等优点,在医药、食品、畜牧业、农业等领域均具有良好的应用前景。本文概述了AMR的发展、来源、结构、生物活性和作用机制,并讨论了AMPs转化为临床应用所面临的挑战,旨在总结AMPs结构和作用机制的最新研究进展,并提供其微生物活性的详细证据,为人们进一步深入研究AMPs的抗微生物作用机制提供借鉴与参考。

Research progress on the source, activity and mechanism of antimicrobial peptides

Over the last several decades, the excessive use of antibiotics resulting in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has led to the search for potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics to reduce the incidence rates of AMR. Presently, researchers have begun to pay great attention to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. AMPs is a kind of small molecule polypeptide that can inhibit bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, tumor cells, etc.. As the first line of defense against pathogens, AMPs are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms, which have the advantages of rapid killing activity, low toxicity and cell selectivity, and have a good application prospect in medicine, food, animal husbandry, agriculture and other fields. This review summarized the development, source, structure, biological activity and mechanism of action of AMPs, and discussed the challenges faced by the transformation of AMPs into clinical applications. Aiming to summarize the latest studies progress of the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs and provide detailed evidence of their microbial activity, so as to provides reference for people to further study the antimicrobial mechanism of AMPs.