量子外差精密测量及微弱信号感知技术综述

单光子探测技术和激光外差探测技术是探测微弱光信号的重要手段，通过微弱光信号提取目标多维信息是目前激光感知的重要领域。但是在实际应用中背景噪声以及信号光的退相干，会严重影响单光子探测技术以及外差探测技术对于目标多维信息的感知。在探测微弱光信号时的这些问题通过传统方案很难被有效的解决。量子外差精密测量方法是在单光子探测的基础上结合外差探测的一种新测量方法，可以解决单光子探测探测灵敏度受背景噪声限制的缺点。并且量子外差对本振光强度要求极低，可以有效降低大阵列外差探测对于本振强度的要求。文中进一步总结并分析了量子外差精密测量方法的研究动态。通过现有研究成果的梳理和分析有助于深入理解和把握目前量子外差精密测量方法的研究现状和问题，为量子外差精密测量方法未来发展奠定基础。

Survey of quantum heterodyne precision measurement and weak signal sensing technology

Single photon detection and laser heterodyne detection are important tools for detecting weak echo light, and the extraction of multidimensional information from weak echo light is currently an important area of laser sensing. However, in practice, background noise and decoherence of the echo light can seriously affect the perception of multidimensional information from single photon detection and heterodyne detection techniques. These problems in the detection of weak echo light are difficult to solve effectively by using conventional solutions. The quantum heterodyne precision measurement method is a new measurement method based on single?photon detection combined with heterodyne detection, which can overcome the shortcomings of single?photon detection sensitivity limited by background noise. In addition, the quantum heterodyne has extremely low requirement for local oscillation intensity, which can effectively reduce the requirement for local oscillation intensity in large array heterodyne detection. This paper further summarises and analyses the research developments in quantum heterodyne precision measurement methods. The review and analysis of the existing research results will help to understand and grasp the current research status and problems of quantum heterodyne precision measurement method, and lay the foundation for the future development of quantum heterodyne precision measurement methods.