基于囚禁离子的微波频标研究进展

微波频标在卫星导航、精密计量、电力、通信等众多领域得到广泛应用，发挥了不可或缺的重要作用。近些年，国际上多家科研单位都在开展新型微波频标的研究，其中基于囚禁离子的微波频标具有高性能和小型化等优势，成为倍受关注的新一代微波频标。本文综述了离子阱微波频标的国内外研究现状，介绍了Penning阱和Paul阱两种常见离子阱的工作原理，以及¹⁹⁹Hg⁺，¹¹³Cd⁺，¹⁷¹Yb⁺等离子微波频标的研究动机、应用领域、技术方案和实现的技术指标。最后，本文对离子阱微波钟在守时钟、星载钟等方面的应用前景进行了展望。

Research progress of microwave frequency standards based on trapped ions

Microwave frequency standards have been widely used and played an indispensable role in many fields such as satellite navigation, precision measurement, electric power and communication. In recent years, many scientific research institutes in the world have been carrying out research on new?type microwave frequency standards. Among them, the microwave frequency standards based on trapped ions have the advantages of high performance and miniaturization, and have become a new generation of microwave frequency standards of great concern. This paper reviews the research status of ion trap microwave frequency standards, introducing the working principle of Penning trap and Paul trap, and the research motivation, application fields, physical solutions and technical specifications of various ion trap microwave frequency standards, including frequency standards based on ¹⁹⁹Hg⁺, ¹¹³Cd+, ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ and so on. Finally, the application prospects of ion trap microwave clocks in timekeeping, deep space exploration and other fields are introduced.