Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose for phenol-rich bio-oil production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;1. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84, Gong-Juan Rd., Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC;1. Key Laboratory of Clean Chemical Processing of Shandong Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;1. School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China;2. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China;1. Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Central Research Laboratory, 11210, Bilecik, Turkey;2. Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, 11210, Bilecik, Turkey;3. Anadolu University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey;4. Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis (MACP) of cellulose was carried out using modified HZSM-5 catalysts for bio-oil production. The catalysts of Fe/HZSM-5, Ni/HZSM-5 and Fe–Ni/HZSM-5 were developed and characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The bio-oil was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared analyzer (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that Fe/HZSM-5 enhanced the yields of bio-oil by 11.4% and decreased the coke by about 24% compared to HZSM-5 without modification. The saccharides in bio-oil disappeared and were totally converted into phenols and low molecular compounds with the catalysis of Fe–Ni/HZSM-5. Fe–Ni/HZSM-5 showed high selectivity of phenols (20.86%) in the bio-oil. It was a unique finding because usually phenols can only be obtained by the pyrolysis of lignin, not cellulose. The formation of phenols from MACP of cellulose was probably caused by the conversion of furans to aromatics in the pores of HZSM-5, and followed by further conversion of aromatics into phenols on the external surface of HZSM-5. |
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| Keywords: | Cellulose Phenol Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Catalytic pyrolysis HZSM-5 |
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