基于故障树模型的油页岩有氧干馏装置安全性分析

油页岩有氧干馏实验为页岩油生产提供了一种新的技术方法。而有氧干馏工艺因其过程中存在可燃性混合物,有发生火灾和爆炸事故的可能性,因此安全性的研究至关重要。本文详细研究了油页岩有氧干馏实验装置工艺过程,建立油页岩有氧干馏工艺装置的故障树模型,在此基础上对干馏装置进行火灾和爆炸事故的定性和定量分析。结果表明,有氧干馏工艺过程中剩余氧气与干馏气体混和达到爆炸极限,发生爆炸的概率是4.282×10-6次/年,该实验装置的安全性是可以接受的,完全满足此实验过程的安全要求,分析结果为有氧干馏装置本质安全设计提供一定的参考价值。

Safety Analysis for the Oil Shale Aerobic Retorting Device Based on the Fault Tree Model

The oil shale aerobic retorting experiments have provided a new technology for shale oil production. There are flammable mixtures in the process of the aerobic retorting, which may cause fire and explosion. So research on the safety is essential. In this paper, the process of the aerobic retorting device of the oil shale was studied, the fault tree model was established, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of fire and explosion accidents of the aerobic retorting device was carried out. The results showed that the explosion would happen when the gas mixture of the residual oxygen and the retorting gas reached the explosion limit in the aerobic retorting process. The probability of the occurrence of an explosion is 4.282 × 10.6 times per year, so the safety of the experimental apparatus can be accepted ,and can fulfill our experiment security requirements. The analysis results can provide some reference for the intrinsically safe design of aerobic retorting process.