| Abstract: | In an attempt to further understand the flow of polymeric melts through gates in injection molding, the present investigation deals with measurement of pressure drops during isothermal extrusion of fiber-filled and unfilled polystyrene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate melts in short tubes with sudden contraction at high shear rates typical of injection molding. Flow curves for these materials have been determined over a wide range of shear rates at various temperatures by using a capillary rheometer and extruder. Measurements indicate that rheological properties of fiber-filled melts after injection molding differ from those of fresh samples. Moreover, it has been found that decreasing the tube length increases the slope of the curve for pressure drop vs. Volumetric flow rate. Extra pressure losses due to end effects have been determined which show that at high shear rates these losses can reach levels as high as 100 bar, with the effect being higher for the fiber-filled melts. By using a viscoelastic consitutive equation, the extra pressure losses have been separated into entrance and exit losses. Model parameters required for this calculation have been determined from viscosity-shear rate curves for the melts. For various polymers, master curves useful for industrial applications have been constructed for the extra pressure losses. |
