泡沫金属填充率对相变材料强化换热的机理研究

本文基于石蜡和泡沫金属铜制备了复合相变蓄热材料，设计并搭建了可视化蓄热实验装置，分析了泡沫金属铜填充率对石蜡蓄热过程的强化传热机理。实验结果表明：当泡沫金属铜的填充率从0增至2.13%时，复合相变蓄热材料的融化时间从901 s缩短至791 s，缩短了12.21%；当泡沫金属铜的填充率为2.13%时，石蜡内部的温度梯度最小，为22.52 K。此外，随着泡沫金属铜填充率的增加，复合相变蓄热材料的蓄热量从15 932 J减小至13 296 J，减少了16.55%，蓄热速率先减小后增大，分别为18.41、18.33、18.64、19.13 J/s，当泡沫金属铜的填充率为0.99%时，蓄热装置中石蜡的蓄热量为14 539 J，蓄热速率为18.52 J/s，蓄热装置的蓄热性能较好。

Study on the Effect of Foamed Metal Copper Filling Ratio on the Enhanced Heat Transfer Mechanism of Phase Change Materials

In this study, a composite phase change heat storage material was prepared based on paraffin wax and foamed metal copper, and a visual heat storage experimental device was designed and developed. The enhanced heat transfer mechanism of the foamed metal copper filling rate in the paraffin heat storage process was analyzed. The experimental results showed that when the filling rate of metallic copper increased from 0 to 2.13%, the melting time of the composite phase change heat storage material was shortened from 901 s to 782 s (12.21%). When the filling rate of the foamed metal copper was 2.13%, the temperature gradient inside the paraffin wax was the lowest (22.52 K). In addition, with the increase in the foamed metal copper filling rate, the heat storage capacity of the composite phase change heat storage material was reduced from 15 932 J to 13 296 J (16.55%), and the heat storage rate first decreased and then increased (18.41 J/s, 18.33 J/s, 18.64 J/s, and 19.13 J/s). When the filling rate of foamed metal copper was 0.99%, the heat storage capacity of paraffin wax in the heat storage device was 14 539 J, and the heat storage rate was 18.52 J/s, which indicated improved heat storage performance of the composite phase change heat storage material.