Optimization of a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel and gasoline-like fuels |
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Authors: | Yu Shi Rolf D. Reitz |
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Affiliation: | Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA |
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Abstract: | Optimal injection strategies for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine fueled with diesel and gasoline-like fuels (#91 gasoline and E10) and operated under mid- and high-load conditions are investigated. A state-of-the-art engine CFD tool with detailed fuel chemistry was used to evaluate the engine performance and pollutant emissions. The CFD tools feature a recently developed efficient chemistry solver that allowed the optimization tasks to be completed in practical computer times. A Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) was coupled with the CFD tool to seek optimal combinations of injection system variables to achieve clean and efficient combustion. The optimization study identified several key parameters that influence engine performance. It was found that the fuel volatility and reactivity both play important roles at the mid-load condition, while the high-load condition is less sensitive to the fuel reactivity. However, high volatility fuels, such as gasoline and E10, were found to be beneficial to fuel economy at high-load. The study indicates that with an optimized injection system gasoline-like fuels are promising for heavy-duty CI engines due to their lower NOx and soot emissions and higher fuel economy compared to conventional diesel fuels. However, the high in-cylinder gas pressure rise rate associated with Partially Premixed Combustion of gasoline-like fuels can become problematic at high-load and the low-load operating limit is also a challenge. Potential solutions are discussed based on the present optimization results. |
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Keywords: | AMC, Adaptive Multi-grid Chemistry BDC, bottom dead center CA10, crank angle of 10% total heat release CA50, crank angle of 50% total heat release CA90, crank angle of 90% total heat release CI, compression-ignition CFD, computational fluids dynamics COSSO, Component Selection and Smoothing Operator DI, direct injection EGR, exhaust gas recycle EDAC, extended dynamic adaptive chemistry EOI, end of injection EVO, exhaust valve open GDI, gasoline direct injection GISFC, Gross Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption HCCI, homogeneous charge compression-ignition HD, heavy-duty IMEP, indicated mean effective pressure IVC, intake valve closure MOGA, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm NMHC, non-methane hydrocarbons NVO, Negative Valve Overlap PPC, Partially Premixed Combustion PPRR, Peak Pressure Rise Rate PRF, Primary Reference Fuel SOGA, Single Objective Genetic Algorithm SOI, start of injection TDC, top dead center UHC, Unburned Hydrocarbons |
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