Claus尾气加氢催化剂活性衰减的原因分析及改进措施

针对中化泉州石化有限公司硫磺回收装置Claus尾气加氢催化剂活性快速下降的情况，分别从积硫、积炭、水热老化、硫酸盐化、催化剂预硫化不完全或失硫、沟流等方面分析了引起催化剂活性下降的原因，并提出了相应的判断依据及恢复催化剂活性的对策。结果表明，催化剂活性快速下降的主要原因是加氢反应器的气体分布器设计不合理，造成过程气在加氢反应器内未均匀分布，另外，由于加氢反应催化剂堆密度较低，装置在较高负荷下发生了沟流；通过对加氢反应器的气体分布器的开口进行部分封堵及在加氢催化剂上部敷设瓷球防护层等措施，有效抑制了沟流的发生，稳定了催化剂活性，保证了装置高负荷稳定运行。

CAUSES OF DEACTIVATION OF CLAUS TAIL GAS HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND COUNTERMEASURES

The factors that affect the activity of hydrogenation catalyst for Claus tail gas from sulfur recycling unit in Quanzhou Petrochemical Co.，Ltd.，were analyzed in aspect of sulfur settlement, carbon deposition, hydrothermal ageing, sulfation, incomplete pre-sulfidation or sulfur loss, and channeling. The causes of catalyst deactivation and the countermeasures for maintaining catalyst activity were proposed. It is found that unreasonable design of the gas distributor is the main reason, which causes uneven gas distribution in hydrogenation reactor and the channel flow in the catalyst bed under high load operation due to the low bulk density of the hydrogenation catalyst. The measures of plugging partial openings of gas distributor and laying protective ball on the top of the catalyst bed can effectively suppress the channeling and stabilize the catalyst activity and operation under high load.