“生态水文学”学科发展和研究方法概述

生态水文学作为解决现代水问题的新方式,源于解决环境问题的新思考方式——“生态工程”,以“生态水文”为主题的论文、专著、会议成蓬勃发展之势.目前研究方法概述有:①国内外多种相关监测计划的建立以及各种估算方法相结合；②流域对比、传统的宏观和基于集对原理的微观相关分析揭示机理；③多种生态水文模型与遥感技术相结合模拟生态水文过程.未来发展方向主要归纳如下:①亟待生态水文学解释与水分驱动生态系统演化相关的重大问题；②寻找生态恢复的合适尺度,通过模型尽可能描述水量平衡及水文过程；③亟待开展极端事件对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究；④加强古生态学研究,在长时间序列中识别长期生态水文演变.

Overview of discipline development and research method for ecohydrology

Ecohydrology is a new way to resolve the morden water problems,originated from a innovative way to solne the environment oroblem.Ecological Engineering(EE).The papers,books and meetings with the theme of "ecohydrology" have been booming.At present the research methods can be summaried as:① Many monitering projects in China and other countries and combined with empirical estimations;② Watersheds compared,macroscopic and microcosmic correlation analsis based on Set Pair Analysis(SPA);③ combining ecohydrology models and remote sensing images.Future studies could be summarized as: ① searching some factors which effect ecosystems evolution with ecohydrology;② choosing appropriate scale,expressing water balance and water cycling with models;③ researching the effect of climate change and human acativities on exetreme events;④ strengthening paleoecology studies and discriminating ecohydrology evolution in a long-term series.