Dissolution and structural alteration of phlogopite mediated by proton attack and bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1058, USA;2. Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1292, USA;3. Department of Geology, P.O. Box 11, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;1. UMR 6539, LEMAR, IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France;2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen''s Road, BS8 1RJ, UK;3. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK;1. Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Research Institute of Chemistry of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo 153000, Russia;2. Moscow Lomonosov State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow 119571, Russia;3. Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo 153025, Russia;1. Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;2. TNO, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Cultural Heritage Agency, Amersfoort, The Netherlands;1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Key Lab of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;3. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China;4. Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Microbiological weathering of a research-grade mica mineral, phlogopite, was studied using ferrous sulfate media that were inoculated with an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Weathering due to dissolution was monitored by analysis of Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, and Ca in the leach solutions and in chemical controls at pH 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. Structural alterations of phlogopite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. At pH 2, the oxidation of Fe(II) by T. ferrooxidans was accompanied by the formation of jarosite within 7 days of incubation at 22°C. The precipitation of jarosite was coupled with partial alteration of phlogopite to vermiculite and an interstratified (mixed-layer) phlogopite/vermiculite. Similar results were obtained with chemical controls containing 120 mM ferric sulfate. The data suggested that K incorporated into jarosite was released from interlayer positions in phlogopite; thus, jarosite constituted a sink for K. The formation of jarosite and expansible layer silicate phases was pH-dependent. At pH<1.5, jarosite was not formed and phlogopite weathering was due to chemical dissolution without detectable structural alteration. |
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