巴尔喀什湖生态水位演变分析及调控对策

针对巴尔喀什湖一百多年来的湖水位变化与伊犁河三角洲生态环境退化问题，从流域水文情势变化和人类活动两方面入手，选取卡依尔干、卡上171km、卡普恰盖、乌斯热尔玛等4处水文站长系列资料，对伊犁河干流径流沿程变化情况进行系统分析，特别重点比较分析卡普恰盖水库建成蓄水前后极其对水库下游河道径流变化的影响。研究认为，巴尔喀什湖的水位变化主要受流域水文情势周期性变化规律的影响，就近期的水位变化情况来看，并未出现所谓的生态灾难，水位呈回升趋势；卡普恰盖水库的兴建和伊犁河中下游水资源过度开发利用，对入湖水量和河道流量过程产生了重大影响，是导致入湖水量减少和三角洲生态环境恶化的根本原因。针对巴尔喀什湖水位长期变化动态特征和三角洲生态耗水要求，考虑到非生态用水不断增长现实情况，探讨解决巴尔喀什湖生态环境问题的对策措施

Analysis of Evolution of Water Table for developing sustainable Environment in the Balkhash Lake Basin and its Regulation Countermeasures

This paper systematically analyzes runoff variation in detail along river bed in the mainstream of the Ili River from two aspects of runoff variation and human being activities, especially impaction of runoff variation at the lower reaches before and after construction of Kapchagay Reservoir, selecting secular data from gauging stations in Kayiergan, 171km at the upper reaches of Kapchagay, Kapchagay, Wusirerma, aiming at variation of water table of the Lake over a hundred years and its environmental degradation in the Ili Delta. It argues that variation of water table in Balkhash Lake is mainly caused by cyclic variation of hydrologic situation in the Basin. It concludes that ecologic disaster does not occur because water table is in the rising trend basing on recent water table variation. Construction of Kapchagay Reservoir and over utilization & exploration of water resources in the mid-low reaches of the Ili River play important roles in water quantity flowing into the Lake and its runoff process, are root reasons that cause water inflow falling and environmental degradation of the Delta. Under the condition of secular dynamic variation characteristics of water table and requirement of water consumption of environment in the Ili Delta and considering about continous increasing water requirement from non-environmental water use in the real situation, it explores countermeasures of ecologic environment protection in the Balkhash Lake Basin.