土荆芥提取物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗的触杀与熏蒸活性研究

采用超声波辅助冷浸提取法以4种不同极性的溶剂(100％乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和石油醚)对土荆芥活性成分进行粗提,测试粗提物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗的触杀与熏蒸活性.结果表明:土荆芥4种溶剂提取物对谷蠹具有明显的触杀活性,在0.468 mg/cm2剂量处理3d后致试虫校正死亡率达81.67％～ 100％；丙酮和100％乙醇提取物具有显著的熏蒸活性,丙酮提取物在0.36～0.52 g/mL处理3d后均致试虫全部死亡,100％乙醇提取物在0.52 g/mL处理下致试虫校正死亡率高达94.64％.土荆芥乙醇、丙酮和石油醚提取物对赤拟谷盗具有明显的触杀活性,在1.144 mg/cm2剂量处理3d后致试虫高达91.67％～ 100％的死亡,但4种溶剂提取物的熏蒸活性不明显.

Contact and fumigant toxicities of extracts from Chenopodium ambrosilides against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum

Abstract Four different solvent (100% ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were gotten using ultrasonic-assisted cold soaking, their contact and fumigant toxicities were tested against Rhyzopertha dominica Fbricius and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. All four extracts had the conspicuous contact toxicity against R. Dominica with the corrected mortality rates reaching 81.67%~100% for dose of 0.468 mg/cm2 after 3 d; when treated with 0.36 to 0.52 g/mL for 3 d, the acetone ether extract and the 100% ethanol extract exhibited the remarkable fumigant toxicity, the corrected mortality rates of the former extract all reaching 100% and that of the ratter extract reaching 94.64% at the highest dose. The 100% ethanol extract, the acetone ether extract and the petroleum ether extract had the good contact toxicity against T. Castaneum with the corrected mortality rates of 91.67%~100% for dose of 1.144 mg/cm2 after 3 d, but all four extracts showed inconspicuous fumigant toxicity.