新型电力系统下的储能解决方案探讨

目的 随着碳达峰、碳中和的推进，新型电力系统将逐步形成。新型电力系统以风电和光伏发电为主要构成。由于风电及光伏发电具有波动性、随机性、间歇性等特点，电力系统所必需的“实时平衡、稳定运行”将面临前所未有的难题。要想解决此难题，根本出路在于规模化、市场化的储能技术。 方法 基于中国能源发展形势，着重探讨了储能解决方案，从技术可行性、市场化可行性、资源满足率、规模化前景四个方面，剖析了储能技术路线。 结果 从当前技术水平来看，兼具“技术可行性、经济可市场化、前景可规模化”的只有抽水蓄能、化学储能、氢储能三种储能形式。真正能够广泛应用的储能措施是化学电池储能、抽水蓄能两种储能形式和抽水蓄能电站、化学电池储能电站、换电站三种应用场景。面对“实时平衡、稳定运行”的问题，应该以抽水蓄能电站、化学储能电站、换电站、风光冗余装机四方面组合的解决方案为主，其他储能和调节措施为辅。 结论 新能源及储能产业将迎来高速发展时代。文章提出的新型电力系统储能解决方案对双碳目标的实现具有重要的理论指导意义。

Discussion on Energy Storage Solutions Under the New Power System

Introduction With the advancement of carbon peak and neutrality, the new power system will gradually form. The new power system is mainly composed of wind power and photovoltaic power generation. Due to the volatility, randomness and intermittence of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the "real-time balance and stable operation" necessary for the power system will face unprecedented problems. To solve this problem, the fundamental way is to scale, market-oriented energy storage technology. Method Based on China's energy development situation, energy storage solutions were emphatically discussed, and six technical routes of the two types of energy storage were analyzed from four aspects of technical feasibility, market feasibility, resource satisfaction rate and scale prospect. Results From the current technical level, only pumped storage, chemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage have the technical feasibility, economic marketization and prospect of scale. The energy storage measures that can be widely used are chemical battery energy storage and pumped storage, and the three application scenarios of pumped storage power station, chemical battery energy storage power station and power exchange station. In the face of the problem of real-time balance of supply and demand in the "real-time balance and stable operation", the solution should be based on the combination of pumped storage power station, chemical energy storage power station, switching power station and wind-solar redundant installed machine, and other energy storage and adjustment measures should be supplemented. Conclusion The new energy and energy storage industry will usher in an era of rapid development. The new power system energy storage solution proposed in this paper has important theoretical significance for the realization of the carbon peak and neutrality.