基于匀压和阻尼的空气静压轴承静态特性研究*

针对常规空气静压轴承设计时存在的承载能力、刚度与气动锤之间的矛盾，提出一种基于虚拟均压和被动阻尼设计方法。采用该方法设计一种含环布均压槽和阵列阻尼孔的矩形平面空气静压止推轴承，并研究其静态特性。研究结果表明：与常规空气静压轴承结构相比，设计的空气静压止推轴承在供气压力0.5 MPa下的最高承载力提高了43.4%，最高刚度提高了51.3%；减小阻尼孔数量、减小节流孔径、提高供气压力和增设均压槽可获得最佳刚度特性；增加阻尼孔数量、减小节流孔径、提高供气压力和增设均压槽可获得最佳静态特性和动态稳定特性的综合性能。

Research on Static Characteristics of Aerostatic Thrust Bearing with Virtual Recess and Damping

In view of the contradiction between the bearing capacity,stiffness and pneumatic hammer in the design of conventional aerostatic bearings,a design method based on virtual recess and passive damping was proposed.A novel rectangular aerostatic thrust bearing with recess and damping holes was designed by using this method,and the static characteristics were studied.The results show that compared the conventional aerostatic bearings,the maximum bearing capacity of the designed aerostatic thrust bearing is increased by 43.4% and the maximum stiffness is increased by 51.3% under the air supply of 0.5 MPa.The optimum stiffness can be obtained by reducing the number of damping holes,reducing the orifice diameter,increasing the air supply pressure and adding recess.The best comprehensive performance of static and dynamic stability characteristics can be obtained by increasing the number of damping holes,reducing the orifice diameter,increasing the air supply pressure and adding recess.