不同原料堆制有机肥腐殖酸的化学组成与结构特征

采用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、固体¹³C核磁共振（NMR）以及电镜扫描技术，对3种不同物料堆积的有机肥（T1，玉米杆：牛粪：菜籽饼=60：50：30；T2，玉米杆：废次烟草：牛粪：菜籽饼=35：25：40：30；T3，烟秆：废次烟叶：猪粪：菜籽饼=30：30：40：30）中腐殖酸的化学组成与结构特征进行了初步研究。结果显示：（1）不同有机肥中腐殖酸的C、H、N、O的含量均表现为T3 > T2 > T1；（2）FT-IR分析显示，T3样品中腐殖酸的双键H和苯环H较T1、T2样品多；T2样品在1050 cm^-1处的吸收强度相对较强；1710 cm^-1处的吸收峰T3样品最明显，含有羧基和羰基官能团最多，T1样品中最少。（3）固体¹³C-NMR分析结果显示，脂肪碳（δ0~50）含量T3样品最高，含氧脂肪碳（δ50~110）含量T1样品最高，芳香碳（δ110~160）含量T2样品最高，δ160~230的羧基碳和羰基碳含量表现为T2=T3 > T1；（4）电镜扫描结果显示，3种腐殖酸颗粒的表面具有维管状结构和孔隙，维管结构数量表现为T3 > T2 > T1，孔隙数量则表现为T1 > T2 > T3。以上结果表明，3种腐殖酸的化学组成与结构特征有着明显差异。

Chemical Composition and Structural Characteristics of Humic Acids Extracted from Organic Fertilizers Composted by Different Materials

the chemical composition and structure characteristics of humic acid in three kinds types of organic fertilizers (T1, corn stalk:cow dung:rapeseed cake=60:50:30; T2, corn stalk:tobacco waste:cow dung:rapeseed cake=35:25:40:30; T3, tobacco stem:tobacco waste:pig dung:rapeseed cake=30:30:40:30) are were studied using elemental analysis, Ffourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR), solid ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron microscope scanning. The results showed that (1) C, H, N, O contents of organic humic acid were in T3 > in T2 > in T1; (2) The FT-IR analysis showed that H-H and benzene H in humic acid in T3 were higher than> in T1 and T2. The absorption intensity at 1050 cm^-1 of T2 is was relatively strong. Absorption intensity at 1710 cm^-1 of the T3 sample is was the most strongest among the 3 treatments, which containing the most carboxyl and carbonyl functional groups. (3) The solid ¹³C-NMR analysis results showed that the fat content of carbon (δ0~50) in T3 and the carbon oxygen fat (δ50~110) content in T1 and the aromatic carbon (δ110~160) content in T2 arewere the highest among the three treatments respectively, and that the carboxyl and carbonyl (δ160~230) carbon contents were in T3=in T2 > in T1; (4) the The electron microscope scanning results showed that there are were vascular structures and space surfacepores on the surface of humic acid particles, with the number of vascular structures of T3 > of T2 > of T1, and the number of gap pores in the reversed orderon the contrary. In summary, significant difference was observed inThe results showed that the chemical composition and structure characteristics of the three kinds types of humic acid has obvious difference.