铸造术语中“震”与“振”的使用

对中文科技文献中,特别是标准中与“震”、“振”相关的术语进行了调查分析.以振动筛、震动筛、振实台、震实台为关键词进行了检索.通过对检索资料的分析发现,1980年前的科技文献中,采用以上用法的科技文献数量相当；1980年后,文献中使用振动筛和振实台文献的数量逐渐增多.文献中涉及机械振动方面设备的术语,科技人员更倾向于用“振”而不是“震”.作为通假字,某些时候两个字是可以互换的,从这个意义上说,不存在对错的问题,但作为科技术语,笔者认为,对以上两个字具体区分以使科技术语更为规范也是必要的.正如我们都使用“机械振动”,而不是“机械震动”；而在涉及地震、爆破的领域采用“震”也毫无疑义.对国家标准《铸造术语》中关于“震”的用法提出了质疑,笔者认为与机械振动有关的相关设备的术语中使用“振”,更为合理.科技文献检索的结果也与笔者的看法一致.

Use of "Quake" and "Vibrate" in Foundry Terminology

The characters of"quake"(震)and"vibrate"(振)in Chinese scientific literatures were investigated and analyzed.The key words including the two characters were searched respectively,which include vibrating screen(振动筛,震动筛),compacting table(振实台,震实台).The results show that the numbers of the scientific literatures using the two characters are almost equal before 1980;but after 1980 the literatures using the character of"vibrate"(振)increase gradually.Technical personnel prefer using "vibrate"to"quake"in the literatures relevant to mechanical vibration.As tongjia characters,they can interchange in some circumstance,in which they are no correct or mistake.But author think that it is necessary to distinguish the two characters when they were used as scientific term.For example,using "vibration"in the phrase of"mechanical vibration"instead of"quaking";there is no doubt about using "quake"in the field of earth quake and blast.Questions relevant to the use of"quaking"(震)were put forward about the national standard of"Foundry Terminology".It is more reasonable to use the"vibrate"(振)in the equipments relevant to mechanical vibration,which is in accordance with the result of literatures searching.