The significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cutaneous biology |
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Authors: | Vincent A Ziboh |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Calisornia |
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Abstract: | The skin epidermis displays a highly active metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Dietary deficiency of linoleic
acid (LA) and 18-carbon (n-6) PUFA results in characteristic scaly skin disorder and excessive epidermal water loss. Arachidonic
acid, a 20-carbon (n-6) PUFA is metabolized via the cyclooxygenase pathway into predominantly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) PGF2α′ and PGD2 and via the lipoxygenase pathway into predominantly 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). The prostaglandins modulate
normal skin physiological processes at low concentrations and inflammatory reactions at high concentrations. Similarly, the
very active epidermal 15-lipoxygenase transforms dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) into 15-hydroxy eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE),
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) into 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-HEPE) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic
acid (17-HDoHE), respectively. These monohydroxy acids exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, the 18-carbon (n-6)
PUFA is transformed into 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), which exerts antiproliferative properties in the
tissue. Thus the supplementation of diets with appropriate purified vegetable oils and/or fish oil may generate local cutaneous
anti-inflammatory metabolites which could serve as a less toxicin vivo monotherapy or as adjuncts to standard therapeutic regimens for the management of skin inflammaory disorders. |
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