中日韩园林的相似性与独特性

中日韩地理位置相邻,天然地形和地带性气候相近及长期文化交流,形成了有别于西方园林的相似性。又由于自然资源和人文资源的差异而形成各自独特的民族特色。独特性大于相似性。从理念、园林追求的境界、自然山水园布局、园林建筑、置石与掇山、自然式的植物种植方面论述了相似性与独特性。由于地带毗邻且相近,就自然环境而言,滨海、多山、富水、产石,自然资源有相似性。加以文化交流,人文资源也有相似性。自然与人文资源融为一体的园林便有区别于西方园林的东方园林美。但“一方水土养一方人”,各自独特的自然环境和人文资源又造就各自园林的民族特色,自立于世界园林民族之林。

On Similarity and Uniqueness of China, Japan, and South Korea Gardens

China, Japan and South Korea are in close neighborhood. The similar topography and climate and long-term culture exchange have created similarities, while the difference in natural and humanity resources help form their own national characters. And the uniqueness is more than similarities, which is analyzed in this paper through the concept, realm of pursuing, layout of the natural landscape garden, architecture in gardens, stone and hills, and natural plant configuration. The three countries share the similarities in natural resources such as being coastal, mountainous, water-rich, and stones. And the humanity resources also share the similarities through cultural exchange. The eastern-style gardens have the beauty of combination of natural and humanity resources, while different countries have gardens of their own styles and features.