Synthesis and dissolution behavior of nanosized silicon and magnesium co-doped fluorapatite obtained by high energy ball milling |
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| Authors: | T. Ahmadi A. Monshi V. Mortazavi M.H. Fathi S. Sharifi B. Hashemi Beni A. Moghare Abed M. Kheradmandfard A. Sharifnabi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;2. Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;3. W.J. Kolff Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;5. Dental Implant Research Center, Departments of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;6. Biomaterials Group, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16844, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) powders exhibit a greater surface area than coarser crystals and are expected to show an improved bioactivity. In addition, properties of HA can be tailored over a wide range by incorporating different ions into HA lattice. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize silicon and magnesium co-doped fluorapatite (Si–Mg–FA) with a chemical composition of Ca9.5Mg0.5 (PO4)5.5(SiO4)0.5F2 by the high-energy ball milling method. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to investigate the structural properties of the obtained powders. Dissolution behavior was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) and physiological normal saline solution at 37 °C for up to 28 days. The results of XRD and FTIR showed that nanocrystalline single-phase Si–Mg–FA powders were synthesized after 12 h of milling. In addition, incorporation of magnesium and silicon into fluorapatite lattice decreased the crystallite size from 53 nm to 40 nm and increased the lattice strain from 0.220% to 0.296%. Dissolution studies revealed that Si–Mg–FA in comparison to fluorapatite (FA), releases more Ca, P and Mg ions into SBF during immersion. 175 ppm Ca, 33.5 ppm P and 48 ppm Mg were detected in the SBF containing Si–Mg–FA after 7days of immersion, while for FA, it was 75 ppm Ca, 21.5 ppm P and 29 ppm Mg. Release of these ions could improve the bioactivity of the obtained nanopowder. It could be concluded that the prepared nanopowders have structural properties such as crystallite size (~40 nm), crystallinity degree (~40%) and chemical composition similar to biological apatite. Therefore, prepared Si–Mg–FA nanopowders are expected to be appropriate candidates for bone substitution materials and also as a phase in polymer or ceramic-based composites for bone regeneration in tissue engineering applications. |
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| Keywords: | A: Milling B: X-ray methods E: Biomedical applications Fluorapatite Silicon |
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