河流水文学若干研究领域的回顾与展望

就 2 1世纪的产汇流理论、流域定量地貌、河流洪水、河流泥沙、河流热状况与冰情、河流资源利用、河流水质与河流生态环境等河流水文学主要研究领域的发展前景作了初步的展望 :要进一步揭示不同气候和下垫面条件下的产汇流规律 ,研制预测功能强的流域水文模型 ,发展和应用数字流域 ,深入揭示复杂条件下的洪水运动规律 ,提出高精度的分析计算方法 ;水流动力学与泥沙动力学相耦合的产沙计算方法将得到实际应用 ,河流输沙机理将进一步被揭示 ;继续探索河冰形成及河流冰情变化的热力学和水力学机理 ,完善冰凌数学模型 ,进一步揭示河流水流挟带污染物质的运动机理 ,完善水质模型 ,提高计算精度 ;要采用多学科综合的手段 ,深入探讨人类活动对河流生态系统的影响

Retrospect and Prospect for Some Research Fields of River Hydrology

The prospect for some research fields of river hydrology is given, such as the theory of runoff yield and concentration, drainage basin topography, river flood, river sediment, the thermal and ice regime of rivers, the utilization of river resources, water quality, river environment, and so on. The regularity of runoff yield and concentration under different climates and subsurface is further revealed; the hydrologic model of watershed of strong prediction ability is developed; numerical watershed is developed and applied; flood regularity under complex conditions is revealed and arithmetic methods of high accuracy are presented; arithmetic methods for sand yield, in which water dynamics is combined with river dynamics, will be practically used; the mechanism of sediment transport is also revealed; the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical mechanisms of the formation of ice and the change of ice regime are researched continuously to consummate the arithmetic model of ice slush; the movement mechanism of water flow containing pollutants is further revealed to consummate the model of water quality and to improve the accuracy of calculation. It is also pointed out that synthetic interdiciplinary means should be taken to explore the impact of human activities on the ecological system of rivers.