Electronic voting eliminates hanging chads but introduces new usability challenges |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. University of Maryland, USA;3. University of Rochester, USA;1. Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Deptartment Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17177, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy;2. Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy;3. Pancreas Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Italy;4. Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Rozzano, Italy;5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Rozzano, Italy;6. Endocrinology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy;1. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, 182 Shinkwan-Dong, Gongju, Chungnam 314-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea;4. Division of rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, Republic of Korea;5. 2nd Affiliate: Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchun, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The arrival of electronic voting has generated considerable controversy, mostly about its vulnerability to fraud. By comparison, virtually no attention has been given to its usability, i.e., voters’ ability to vote as they intend, which was central to the controversy surrounding the 2000 US presidential election. Yet it is hard to imagine a domain of human–computer interaction where usability has more impact on how democracy works. This article reports a laboratory investigation of the usability of six electronic voting systems chosen to represent the features of systems in current use and potentially in future use. The primary question was whether e-voting systems are sufficiently hard to use that voting accuracy and satisfaction are compromised. We observed that voters often seemed quite lost taking far more than the required number of actions to cast individual votes, especially when they ultimately voted inaccurately. Their satisfaction went down as their effort went up. And accuracy with some systems was disturbingly low. While many of these problems are easy to fix, manufacturers will need to adopt usability engineering practices that have vastly improved user interfaces throughout the software industry. |
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