Employment trends in the U.S. Electricity Sector, 2008–2012 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Energy Technology, Energy and Climate Studies, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Energy, Materials, and Environment Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario, Puente del Común, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Bogotá, Colombia;1. Università Bocconi, Via Roentgen 1, Milan, Italy;2. Axpo Italia spa, Genoa, Italy;1. Institute of Development Studies, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, SC 611130, China;2. Global Labor Organization (GLO), Germany;3. Department of Economics, Oklahoma State University, 352 Business Building, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States of America;4. Department of Economics, Iowa State University, 460B Heady Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011-1054, United States of America;5. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD), Global Labor Organization (GLO), and Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Germany;1. Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, USA;2. Princeton University, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, USA;3. Princeton University, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, USA |
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| Abstract: | Between 2008–2012, electricity generated (GWh) from coal, the longtime dominant fuel for electric power in the US, declined 24%, while electricity generated from natural gas, wind and solar grew by 39%, 154%, and 400%, respectively. These shifts had major effects on domestic employment in those sectors of the coal, natural gas, wind and solar industries involved in operations and maintenance (O&M) activities for electricity generation. Using an economic input–output model, we estimate that the coal industry lost more than 49,000 jobs (12%) nationally over the five-year period, while in the natural gas, solar, and wind industries, employment increased by nearly 175,000 jobs (21%). We also combine published ratios for jobs per unit of fuel production and per megawatt of power plant capacity with site-specific data on fuel production and power plant retirements, additions and capacity changes to estimate and map direct job changes at the county level. The maps show that job increases in the natural gas, solar and wind industries generally did not occur where there were significant job losses in the coal industry, particularly in West Virginia and Kentucky. |
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| Keywords: | U S Energy Employment Shifts Electricity generation trends Economic input–output model GIS analysis |
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