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Sensitive and Reproducible Immunoassay of Multiple Mycotoxins Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Mapping on 3D Plasmonic Nanopillar Arrays
Authors:Xiaokun Wang  Sung‐Gyu Park  Juhui Ko  Xiaofei Xiao  Vincenzo Giannini  Stefan A. Maier  Dong‐Ho Kim  Jaebum Choo
Affiliation:1. Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea;2. Advanced Nano‐Surface Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea;3. The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK;4. Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM‐CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain;5. Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakult?t für Physik, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universit?t München, München, Germany
Abstract:A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based mapping technique is reported for the highly sensitive and reproducible analysis of multiple mycotoxins. Raman images of three mycotoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisin B (FUMB), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are obtained by rapidly scanning the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags‐anchoring mycotoxins captured on a nanopillar plasmonic substrate. In this system, the decreased gap distance between nanopillars by their leaning effects as well as the multiple hot spots between SERS nanotags and nanopillars greatly enhances the coupling of local plasmonic fields. This strong enhancement effect makes it possible to perform a highly sensitive detection of multiple mycotoxins. In addition, the high uniformity of the densely packed nanopillar substrate minimizes the spot‐to‐spot fluctuations of the Raman peak intensity in the scanned area when Raman mapping is performed. Consequently, this makes it possible to gain a highly reproducible quantitative analysis of mycotoxins. The limit of detections (LODs) are determined to be 5.09, 5.11, and 6.07 pg mL?1 for OTA, FUMB, and AFB1, and these values are approximately two orders of magnitude more sensitive than those determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. It is believed that this SERS‐based mapping technique provides a facile tool for the sensitive and reproducible quantification of various biotarget molecules.
Keywords:multiplex detection  mycotoxin  reproducibility  SERS imaging  SERS mapping
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