含硫含酸原油加工技术进展

综述国内含硫/含酸原油加工技术进展情况,主要体现在以下几个方面:(1)扩大了劣质原油加工能力,2000—2010年,不仅劣质原油加工能力得到很大提升,炼油企业工艺装置结构也加快了调整。(2)电脱盐技术水平显著提高。(3)装置设备、管线材质大幅提高。合理选材在加工含硫/高硫或含酸/高酸原油时是一项非常重要的措施。修订了《高硫原油加工装置设备和管道设计选材导则》(SH/T 3906—2010)和《高酸原油加工装置设备和管道设计选材导则》(SH/T 3129—2010)。这些选材导则和推荐用材意见对指导与规范国内炼油企业加工含硫/高硫、含酸/高酸原油设备、管线选材用材起到了一定的促进作用。(4)开发和推广了一批脱硫和脱酸新技术。例如,山东三维石化工程公司开发的SSR硫黄回收技术;镇海石化工程公司在引进荷兰Comprimo公司70 kt/a硫黄回收技术的基础上,创新开发的ZHSR硫黄回收技术;石油化工科学研究院开发的原油全馏分催化裂化脱酸技术等。在工艺方面开发了一批重油加工、蜡油加氢处理、加氢裂化、柴油深度脱硫以及汽油选择性加氢生产符合欧Ⅳ、欧Ⅴ排放标准的清洁汽油和柴油技术。结合国内外技术现状和经验,介绍了加工高硫和高酸劣质原油的基本体会,指出应加强以下几方面的工作:(1)配备足够的硫回收和制硫能力。(2)重油加工是考虑的重点。(3)需要配备足够的加氢能力。(4)提高工艺设备的防腐能力。(5)重视环境保护工作。

Development of technologies for processing sour crudes

The development of technologies for processing sulfur sour crudes in China is reviewed in respect of:(1) Expanded capacity for processing low-quality crudes.Not only the capacity for processing low-quality crude is greatly increased but also the configurations of process units of refineries are optimized.(2) Improved electro-static desalting technology.(3) The materials of equipment and piping are greatly upgraded.As proper material selection is very important in processing sour/high-sulfur or acidic/high-TAN crude,"Guidelines for Material Selection in Equipment and Piping Design of Process Units Processing High-Sulfur Crudes"(SH/T 3096—2010) and "Guidelines for Material Selection in Equipment and Piping Design of Process Units Processing High-TAN Crudes"(SH/T 3129—2010) have been revised.The recommendation and application of these guidelines have played an important role in standardization of material selection for equipment and piping in the units processing sour/high-sulfur and acidic/high-TAN crudes.(4) Successful development and commercial application of desulfurization and deacidification state-of-the-art technologies,such as SSR sulfur recovery process developed by Shandong Sunway Petrochemical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,ZHSR sulfur recovery process developed by Zhenhai Petrochemical Engineering Co.,and catalytic cracking deacidification process developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP).In addition,a large number of processes and technologies of heavy oil processing,VGO hydrotreatment,hydrocracking,deep diesel desulfurization and selective gasoline hydrogenation,etc have been developed for production of Euro-Ⅳ and Euro-Ⅴ clean gasoline and diesel.Basic comments on processing high-sulfur and high-TAN crudes based upon existing technologies both in China and abroad are provided,and the following recommendations are made:(1) Provision of sufficient sulfur recovery and sulfur production capacities;(2) Highlighting heavy or residue oil processing;(3) Provision of sufficient hydroprocessing capacities;(4) Improvement of corrosion-resistance performance of process equipment;(5) Greater attention to environmental protection.