遥感航天器在轨结构微变形光纤监测技术发展综述

对地、对天观测航天器在深空和极地探测、军事侦查、国土资源测绘、地质与农业灾害监测、海洋观测、气象观测和环境监测等系关国民经济社会发展的重要领域都发挥着关键作用。遥感航天器在轨结构受空间极端温度变化、重力、碎片冲击和疲劳等因素作用会产生微变形，在轨微变形监测对保障遥感航天器功能指标实现和系统可靠性及寿命有重要作用。光纤监测技术被视为最具潜力的遥感航天器在轨监测技术之一，经过近30年来的研究发展，正在从实验室研究向工程应用演进，但是目前存在若干问题限制了该技术的应用发展，亟待探讨解决方法。为此，梳理了遥感航天器结构微变形监测的主要技术，分析了光纤监测的主要技术类型、技术优缺点、微变形场重建算法、在轨适用性和典型应用案例，指出了需要研究解决的关键问题和未来发展方向。

Development of optical fiber monitoring technology for micro deformation of remote sensing spacecraft on-orbit structure: A review

Spacecrafts for earth and celestial observation play a key role in important fields related to national economic and socialdevelopment, such as deep space and polar exploration, military investigation, surveying and mapping of land and resources, geologicaland agricultural disaster monitoring, marine observation, meteorological observation and environmental monitoring. The on-orbit structureof the remote sensing spacecraft may undergo micro deformation because of extreme temperature change in space, gravity, debris impact,fatigue, etc. The on-orbit micro deformation monitoring plays an important role in ensuring the realization of functional indicators ofremote sensing spacecraft and the reliability and service life of the system. Optical fiber monitoring technology is regarded as one of themost potential on-orbit monitoring technologies for remote sensing spacecraft. After research and development over the past threedecades, it is evolving from laboratory research to engineering application. However, there are some problems that limit the applicationand development of this technology, which need to be solved urgently. Therefore, this article reviews the main technologies formonitoring the micro deformation of the structure of remote sensing spacecraft, analyzes the main technical types, technical advantagesand disadvantages, micro deformation field reconstruction algorithm, on-orbit applicability, and typical application cases of optical fibermonitoring, and illustrates the key problems to be studied and solved and the future development direction.