Long-term yield potential of switchgrass-for-biofuel systems |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;3. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;4. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;5. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;1. Houston, TX 77498, USA;2. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;1. Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Energy Process Engineering, Fürther Straße 244f, D-90429 Nuremberg, Germany;2. Gammel Engineering GmbH, An den Sandwellen 114, 93326 Abensberg, Germany;3. Technical University of Applied Sciences Amberg-Weiden, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany;4. Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg, An der Maxhütte 1, 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany;1. Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;2. Nova Skantek Environmental Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100027, China;3. College of Biological Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;1. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;2. National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, 310 East Market Street, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA;3. Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA;4. Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 808 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX, 76502, USA;5. Spatial Sciences Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA;1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, PO Box 1030, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada;2. Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S9N 3A8, Canada;3. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China;4. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5401-1 Avenue South, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Limited information is available regarding biomass production potential of long-term (>5- yr-old) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) stands. Variables of interest in biomass production systems include cultivar selection, site/environment effects, and the impacts of fertility and harvest management on productivity and stand life. We studied biomass production of two upland and two lowland cultivars under two different managements at eight sites in the upper southeastern USA during 1999–2001. (Sites had been planted in 1992 and continuously managed for biomass production.) Switchgrass plots under lower-input management received 50 kg N ha?1 yr?1 and were harvested once, at the end of the season. Plots under higher-input management received 100 kg N ha?1 (in two applications) and were harvested twice, in midsummer and at the end of the season. Management effects on yield, N removal, and stand density were evaluated. Annual biomass production across years, sites, cultivars, and managements averaged 14.2 Mg ha?1. Across years and sites, a large (28%) yield response to increased inputs was observed for upland cultivars; but the potential value of higher-input management for lowland cultivars was masked overall by large site×management interactions. Nitrogen removal was greater under the higher-input system largely due to greater N concentrations in the midsummer harvests. Management recommendations (cultivar, fertilization, and harvest frequency), ideally, should be site and cultivar dependent, given the variable responses reported here. |
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