Noise estimation in NOAA AVHRR maximum-value composite NDVI images

Noise has been estimated in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) maximum-value composite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products using a geostatistical method calculating the noise as the square root of the nugget variance in a semi-variogram. High noise values (20-50 per cent of the standard deviation) were found in individual scenes, whereas values close to zero were found in a nine-year average image. The higher levels of noise in individual images were present in humid areas particularly during the wet season, indicating that atmospheric effects and cloud contamination may be among the main contributing factors.