轮廓法测量残余应力研究进展

轮廓法是一种基于截面解剖法的残余应力测量方法，可以获得目标平面法向的残余应力二维分布云图。经过20多年的发展与完善，轮廓法已经被广泛应用在航空航天、核电、高端装备制造等许多重要领域，尤其适用于焊接件、金属连接件和异型工件的残余应力测量。文中详细介绍了轮廓法测量的优势，分析了轮廓法测量的理论依据、测量步骤、误差修正、拓展应用、试验验证及研究热点，深入探究在一次切割轮廓法测量基础上发展起来的多次切割轮廓法、断裂轮廓法和X射线衍射法的叠加测量、近表面残余应力轮廓法测量等方法，这些方法克服了常规轮廓法测量断面应力、近表面应力方面的技术限制，可获得工程结构件的三维残余应力分布，针对不同的工程应用需求调整切割方法及测量方案以提供技术支持，拓展了轮廓法测量的应用范围。该文旨在为国内的同行提供参考，助力轮廓法在国内科学研究和工程应用方面的推广应用。创新点： (1)对比常用的工程残余应力测量方法，明晰轮廓法测量的技术优势及其适用范围。(2)分析轮廓法测量过程中可能引入的试验误差，提出相对应的解决方法。(3)拓展轮廓法的应用范围以满足三维应力测量需求。

Review on residual stress measurement using the contour method

Contour method is a destructive residual stress measurement method based on sectioning relaxation, which can be used to obtain two-dimensional residual stress distribution normal to the cutting plane. After more than 20 years of development and improvement, the contour method is widely used in aerospace, nuclear, manufacturing and many other important industry sectors, particularly suitable for residual stress measurements of metallic welding and joint components. A comprehensive review of the contour method to clarify the technical advantages was described in detail in the paper. Theoretical foundation, measurement procedures, error correction, extended application, experimental validation and research hotspot of contour method were analyzed. Multiple cut contour method, fracture contour method, superposition measurement of X-ray diffraction method, near-surface residual stress contour method and other methods developed on the basis of single cut contour method measurement were further explored, which overcame technical limitations of traditional contour method of cross section stress and near surface stress, and 3D residual stress distribution of engineering structural parts could be obtained. It provided technical support for adjusting cutting method and measuring scheme according to different engineering application requirements, and expanded application range of contour measurement. The aim of this paper was to provide reference for domestic counterparts and help to promote application of contour method in domestic scientific research and engineering application.Highlights: (1) Compared with other traditional residual stress measurement methods, the key technical advantages and scope of applications of contour method were clarified.(2) The errors introduced during measurement were anlalysed and potential solutions were provided.(3) Applications of contour method to satisfying three-dimensional stress measurement requirements were expanded.