激光熔丝增材制造监测与控制系统研究现状

激光熔丝增材制造作为一种定向能量沉积技术，具有很好的发展前景。文中对国内外激光熔丝增材制造监测与控制系统进行归纳概述。现阶段，国内外激光熔丝增材制造常见的监测系统包括结构光扫描系统、红外测温成像系统等，实时监测沉积层高度、熔池状态；常见的控制系统为以闭环控制策略为主的在线反馈送丝速率控制系统、在线反馈激光功率控制系统等，在线监测系统与控制系统协同作用，能够显著优化增材制造工艺、提高成形质量。介绍了包括三维超声波扫描技术、电磁振动监测技术在内的新兴激光熔丝增材制造监测技术。结合激光熔丝增材制造技术的工艺难题对下一代监测与控制系统进行展望。国内外对沉积层高度和宽度、熔池尺寸和温度等监测对象已有较为充分的研究和试验验证，但在沉积过程中，由于激光的高能量密度会造成高温度梯度，因此对沉积过程在线高精度、高质量监测与控制技术的研究变得至关重要。创新点： 激光熔丝增材制造成形精度要求高，同时国内外对该技术的相关工艺、成形原位控制的研究处于起步阶段，对沉积层、熔池偏差的实时监测与控制进行深入研究具有重要意义。

A review of monitoring and control system for laser metal wire additive manufacturing

Laser metal wire additive manufacturing as a directed energy deposition technology has a good development prospect. This paper summarizes and reviews the monitoring and control systems for laser metal wire additive manufacturing at home and abroad at this stage. At present, the common monitoring systems for laser metal wire additive manufacturing at home and abroad include structural light scanning system, infrared temperature imaging system, etc., which can monitor the deposition layer height and melt pool state in real time; the common control systems are online feedback wire feeding rate control system and online feedback laser power control system with closed-loop control strategy, etc. The online monitoring system and control system can work together to significantly optimize the additive process and forming quality. The online monitoring system and the control system work together to significantly optimize the additive process and the forming quality. In addition, this paper also introduces the emerging laser metal wire additive manufacturing monitoring technologies, including 3D ultrasonic scanning technology and electromagnetic vibration monitoring technology. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the next generation of monitoring and control systems in the context of the process challenges of laser metal wire additive manufacturing technology. At present, monitoring objects such as deposition layer height and width, melt pool size and temperature have been more fully researched and experimentally demonstrated at home and abroad, but in the deposition process, the high energy density of the laser causes high temperature gradients, so the research of online high-precision and high-quality monitoring and control technologies for the deposition process becomes crucial.Highlights: Laser metal wire additive manufacturing requires high forming accuracy, while domestic and foreign research on the technology related to the process, forming in-situ control is in its infancy, and in-depth research on real-time monitoring and control of the deposition layer and melt pool deviation has important practical significance.