基于单幅透视图像确定相机参数的几何方法

提出一种求解相机内、外参数的几何方法．在不考虑相机镜头变形的前提下，首先根据空间平面上的单个矩形，从该矩形的两灭点透视图中，根据灭点间的几何关系，补出另外一个灭点的坐标；然后根据透视投影的灭点理论，计算出相机的相对位置；若已知矩形边的实际长度，可以恢复出相机在三维空间中的实际位置和矩形顶点的空间坐标；最后根据透视投影关系计算出相机的有效焦距．大量的模拟和真实实验表明，该方法简单、易于操作，具有标定精度高、鲁棒性强的优点．

A Geometric Method of Camera Calibration Based on Single Perspective Image

A geometric method for computing a camera's interior parameters and exterior parameters is presented based on a perspective image.According to the geometric relation of the vanishing points,three vanishing points can be calculated from single perspective image.Then the camera's relative position and orientation can be achieved using the perspective projection theory of vanishing points.Meanwhile,the camera's real position and the rectangular vertices in 3D space can be recovered if the edge lengths of the rectangle are known.Finally,the effective focal length can be drawn in terms of the perspective projection.This method is simple and easy to be implemented.Extensive simulations as well as real experiments show that this method has merits of high precision and strong robustness.