Natural organic matter fouling due to foulant–membrane physicochemical interactions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;1. Department of applied chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;2. College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O Box 392, Pretoria 003, South Africa;3. Department of Applied Analytical and Physical chemistry, University of Gent, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;4. Huaneng Jiaxiang Power Generation Co.Ltd, Shangdong 272400, China;5. College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;6. Huaneng Jining Power Generation Co.Ltd, Shangdong 272000, China;1. School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore;2. Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China;2. Department of Water Quality Control, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;3. Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Schwarzenbergstr. 95 E, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany;1. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada |
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| Abstract: | An extended DLVO (XDLVO) force analysis was introduced to predict natural organic matter (NOM) fouling in ultrafiltration (UF) membrane processes. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling experiments were performed using two NOM extracts from real waters and two commercial polymeric UF membranes. The hydrodynamic force by permeation drag and three interfacial forces of XDLVO (van der Waals, electrostatic, acid–base energy) were used for the force analysis. Acid–base interaction forces between NOM and UF membranes were dominant in short range (separation distances < 5 nm) and appear to determine the potential of NOM deposition. Relative extents of flux decline were successfully predicted using the short-range force analyses. |
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