Hybrid low-pressure submerged membrane photoreactor for the removal of bisphenol A |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639 798, Singapore;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Innovation Centre, Block 2, Unit 237, 18, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637 723, Singapore;3. ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, Dipartimento di Energia Ingegneria dell’Informazione e Modelli Matematici – DEIM, University of Palermo (Italy), viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali – DICAM, University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Iran;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;1. Photocatalysis & Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, A.A. 1382 – Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia;2. GAOX Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia;3. Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The efficiency of a hybrid system combining photocatalysis and membrane filtration in a single module was investigated. Low-pressure submerged hollow fibre membranes were used to retain the TiO2 particles in the system. Bisphenol A (BPA) was used as a model pollutant. Ninety-seven per cent photodegradation and more than 90% photomineralization of 10 ppm of BPA were achieved after 90 and 120 min of UV illumination, respectively. Aeration was applied in the submerged membrane photoreactor (SMPR) to provide mixing, dissolved oxygen, mechanical agitation to prevent agglomeration of TiO2 particles as well as providing shear forces to remove TiO2 particles from the membrane surface. The optimum aeration rate used in our 0.8-L reactor was 0.5 L/min. It was found that intermittent permeation enhanced the sustainability of the submerged membranes but showed no effect on the photoactivity of the system. An intermittence frequency (IF) of 0.1 was sufficient to reduce the fouling rate of the membrane under the experimental conditions. The SMPR appears to be very effective and can achieve removal of low-concentration organics (such as BPA) in a compact, low-energy system. |
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