离子液体在萃取分离中的应用现状与发展趋势

近几年,离子液体作为一种新型理想的“绿色溶剂”已广泛应用于湿法冶金行业。本文主要阐述了离子液体的发展、种类以及性质,并对离子液体作为萃取溶剂萃取分离碱金属、碱土金属、重金属以及过渡金属离子进行了评述。归纳发现：在咪唑类离子液体中加入螯合剂,可以提高萃取率,而且含有醇硫官能团的咪唑类离子液体对许多金属离子的萃取分离都有明显的效果;离子液体萃取与电沉积相结合可以成功分离出碱金属和碱土金属;还有一些功能化离子液体用在工业废水和公共污水中萃取重金属离子的效率颇高;离子液体萃取过渡金属离子的能力比较薄弱需要加入其他萃取剂加以增强。本文对离子液体萃取分离的应用现状指出了问题,展望了其未来的发展方向。

Application status and development trend of ionic liquids in extraction and separation

In recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used in the hydrometallurgical industry as a new type of ideal "green solvent". This article mainly describes the development, types and properties of ionic liquids, and makes a review of ionic liquids as extraction solvents for the extraction and separation of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, heavy metals and transition metal ions. In summary, it is found that adding a chelating agent to imidazole ionic liquids can increase the extraction rate, and imidazole ionic liquids containing alcohol-sulfur functional groups have obvious effects on the extraction and separation of many metal ions; ionic liquid extraction and electrodeposition can be combined Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals have been successfully separated; some functionalized ionic liquids are used in industrial wastewater and public sewage to extract heavy metal ions with high efficiency; the ability of ionic liquids to extract transition metal ions is relatively weak and needs to be enhanced by adding other extractants. This article points out the problems with the application status of ionic liquid extraction and separation, and looks forward to its future development direction.