水市场失灵及其防范措施

用水市场来配置水资源，是一种高效的水资源配置方式，但水市场会发生市场失灵现象。水市场失灵的原因主要有：水市场存在着外部性，市场难以克服水市场的垄断，水市场存在着信息不完全及高昂的交易费用．水资源具有公共产品属性以及传统文化和习俗的影响等。通过加强国家对水资源的宏观管理和完善基础设施建设，加强水市场管理，建立和完善水权法律制度，清晰地界定水权，能够减少水市场失灵带来的资源配置的低效率，提高水资源利用水平。

Defect of water market and prevention measures

To use water market for water resources allocation is a high efficient method. However, defect or failure of market may occur in the water market. The reasons are that monopoly of water market is unable to overcome, incomplete information and high trading cost exist, moreover water resources belongs public goods and water market is unaccepted by the traditional culture and customs. However, it is capable of reducing the defect of water market on lower efficiency of resources allocation and upgrading the level of water resources utilization by ways of improving micromanagement of water resources and basic infrastructure construction of the government, reinforcing management and legal system and clarifying water entitlements.