影响我国陆相碎屑岩储集层黏土矿物组合和分布的因素

我国陆相碎屑岩储集层长石、岩屑等化学活性组分十分丰富，黏土矿物含量高、组合类型多，成岩作用受地层温度和孔隙结构的影响，成岩作用和不同沉积相带水介质条件是控制黏土矿物组合和分布特征的主要因素。大地构造背景和盆地构造发育史是影响盆地内储集层黏土矿物组合和分布特征的宏观因素。对于经历多旋回构造运动的盆地，黏土矿物组合和分布的不同特征反映各旋回构造运动的性质；对于同一构造旋回中发育的盆地。黏土矿物组合和分布特征的不同则反映各演化阶段的构造特征。表1参14（王少依摘）

Factors affecting the clay mineral components and distributions of continental clastic reservoir in China

Clay minerals in clastic reservoirs are the resultant of water rock reactions during diagenesis and they are closely related with the mineral components and water medium conditions of reservoir rocks. The depositional characteristics of continental clastic rocks determine the rich amount, diversity assemblages and rapid changes of clay minerals in terrestrial clastic reservoir in China. Rich feldspar, debris and other active chemical components in clastic reservoirs are the material basis for the abundant clay minerals in it. There was always an abundance of these active components in reservoir rock in the process of diagenesis, and the temperature of strata and features of pore medium mainly determine the diagenetic characteristics of reservoir. Therefore, the components and distributions of clay minerals in terrestrial reservoir are mainly controlled on diagenesis and the water conditions of different sedimentary facies. The primary factors causing the variety conditions of pore water medium in reservoir are the great spatio temporal changes of the water medium property in the process of deposition in continental basins and the interlayer or intralayer inhomogeneity of reservoir. They are also the direct reasons leading to the rapid changes of clay mineral components and distributions in reservoir. The geotectonic background and tectonic development in a basin can determine the depositional framework and evolutional feature of the basin. They are also the most important factors affecting the clay mineral components and distributions of reservoir in the basin. Different tectonic lithofacies and paleogeographycyclothems had different effects on clay minerals in reservoirs. In those oil basins with multi period tectonic cyclothems, characteristics of the clay mineral components and distributions of reservoir may indicate the features of different tectonic moments. In different phases within the same tectonic cyclothem, there do exist differences on the clay mineral distribution in reservoirs.