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管道失效后果会引发财产损失、人身安全损失及环境破坏。有限费用优化是在人身安全和环境破坏的约束下,以“使管段总失效损失期望费用最小”为原则,通过求解优化数学模型,而获得最优维护方案。它可使维护方案在3类损失方面得到平衡和协调。文中提出了3种损失的货币化思想,认为财产损失可按传统的直接经济损失计算方法来确定;生命损失的货币度量要从人员死亡和伤残两部分来考虑,并给出了两部分损失的影响因素和确定原则;将环境破坏损失分为对人类健康影响的损失和对生态资源影响的损失,二者都需要根据国情和国家的法律法规来分析损失影响因素,并从环境因素、环境要素和影响因子3个角度,重点分析了造成生态资源破坏的因素体系,为环境破坏损失的货币化奠定了基础。最后,推荐了不同情况下的优化方法。

OPTIMIZATION METHOD BASED ON FINITE CHARGE FOR OIL/GAS PIPELINE INTEGRITY MAINTENANCE 1)

Pipeline failure will cause assets loss, life loss and environment destruction. The optimization method based on finite charg e is to obtain the optimal maintenance program by solving the optimized mathemat ical model with the principle of "making the expected charge of total pipeline f ailure loss minimal" under the conditions of life safety and environment protect ion. It makes the maintenance program able to balance and coordinate the above- mentioned 3 losses. The article proposes the idea to quantify the 3 losses by mo ney. The assets loss can be determined by traditional calculating method of dire ct economic loss. The quantification of life loss can be conducted by the 2 part s of people dying and injuring. And the affecting factors and the confirming pri nciple of the 2 parts are described. The environment destruction includes both t he effects of people health and ecology resource. Both the losses will be analyz ed according to the national situation, laws and regulations. From the 3 aspects of the environment factor, the environment element and the effecting factor, th e factor system to make the ecology resource destroying are analyzed in detail, which provides the ground for the quantification of environment destruction by m oney. In the end, the optimization methods are recommended under different cases .