硝化石墨烯制备及对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

为提高石墨烯在含能材料中的释能和催化效果，采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨，进一步硝化生成硝化石墨烯（NGO）。使用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、有机元素分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和热重-非等温量热分析对制备样品进行结构和性能分析，并通过定容燃烧实验测试NGO在含能体系中的燃烧情况。实验结果表明：作为一种新型含能催化剂，所制备的NGO为片层堆叠状，表面有褶皱；在氧化石墨烯部分含氧官能团位点处悬挂硝酸酯基和硝基，氮含量为8%；NGO分解焓约为659 J/g，热分解总失重为47%；在高氯酸铵（AP）中加入5% NGO，AP各分解步骤峰温均提前，且低温分解活化能由112.6 kJ/mol降至99.4 kJ/mol，临界热爆炸温度由431 ℃降至366 ℃；NGO的加入使AP包覆铝体系的反应热值提高约13%，峰压提高约56%.

Synthesis of Nitrified Graphene Oxide and Its Catalytic Activity for Ammonium Perchlorate Decomposition

In order to improve the energy release and catalytic effects of graphene in energetic materials, a nitrified graphene oxide (NGO) was obtained by nitrifying a graphite oxide prepared by Hummers method. The prepared samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, organic element analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TG-DSC synchronous thermal analysis for strctural and performance analysis. Constant volume combustion test was used to probe the burning behavior of NGO in energetic system. The experimental results show that the prepared NGO is lamellar with wrinkles as a novel energetic catalyst. The nitrate group and the nitro group are suspended at the oxygen-containing functional group sites of graphene oxide, and the mass ratio of nitrate element is 8%. Exothermic enthalpy of NGO is around 659 J/g, and the thermal total weight loss is 47%. When 5% NGO is added into ammonium perchlorate (AP), the peak temperature in each decomposition step is lower, and the activation energy of AP in the first decomposition step decreases from 123.7 kJ/mol to 99.4 kJ/mol. Meanwhile the critical thermal explosion temperature decreases from 431 ℃ to 366 ℃. NGO is added to increase the reaction heat of AP-coated Al system and the peak pressure by 13% and 56%, respectively. Key