基于舰船电场的目标跟踪方法研究

针对舰船电场跟踪中模型准确度与跟踪模型维度之间的矛盾，以舰船电场点电荷阵列模型为基础，结合舰船电场反演算法，分析点电荷个数、观测点水深对建模精度的影响。明确观测点位置对点电荷数量的最少需求，在保证建模精度的同时降低跟踪滤波器的维度，保证滤波算法的稳定性。设计了舰船电场跟踪渐进更新扩展卡尔曼滤波器，并进行了仿真分析和试验验证。结果表明：用少量点电荷模型代替复杂舰船电场点电荷阵列模型，在舰船电场跟踪中是可行的，具有较高的跟踪精度；渐进更新扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对少量点电荷电场模型，能够有效提高初始误差容错范围，具有很高的滤波稳定性，定位误差在500 m范围内小于10 m，且计算代价较低，适合舰船电场跟踪的工程应用。

Research on Target Tracking Method Based on Ship Electric Field

For the contradiction between the model accuracy and the tracking model dimension in the ship electric field tracking, the influences of point charge number and the depth of observation point on the accuracy of model are analyzed and the minimum requirement for point charge number on the corresponding depth plane is defined based on the ship electric field point charge array model and the ship electric field inversion algorithm. In the analysis, the dimension of tracking filter is reduced while ensuring the modeling accuracy and the stability of filtering algorithm.A progressive update extended Kalman filter (PUEKF) was designed for the simulation analysis and experimental verification of ship electric field tracking. The results show that a electric field model with a small number of point charges can be used to replace the complex ship electric field point charge array model in ship electric field tracking, which has high tracking accuracy. The PUEKF can effectively improve the initial error tolerance range and has high filtering stability. The tracking error is less than 10m in the range of 500 m. The PUEKF has low computational cost, which is suitable for engineering applications for the ship electric field tracking. Key