铝合金管材6061自由弯曲成形工艺仿真及优化

金属管材是工业领域中结构承重、输送气体和液体的重要部件。自由弯管成形技术有助于实现管件生产的高精度、高性能、高效率和数字化，其精度控制理论和成形技术的研究具有重要的工业应用价值。本文选择直径 30 mm 壁厚 2.0 mm 的铝合金管材6061为仿真优化对象，通过相关基础实验获得材料的基本力学数据，用于仿真模型参数的表征。同时，结合管材压弯实验验证本构模型成形预测的有效性。在完成仿真模型表征和验证的基础上，对铝合金管材的自由弯曲成形过程进行仿真模拟，分析对比了影响自由弯曲成形的各工艺参数，确定了该工况下最优的移动模与管材间隙大小、摩擦系数和进给速度等。该研究有助于优化管材空间自由弯曲成形工艺，具有一定的工业应用价值。 

Simulation and optimization of the free bending process of aluminum alloy 6061 pipe

Metal pipes are the important components of structural load-bearing and conveying gas or liquid in the industrial field. However, the final forming profile obtained with the traditional bending process highly depends on the forming mold; the forming profile is simple, but the mold cost is relatively expensive. Thus, it is difficult for wide promotion on the bent pipe with a complex profile, especially for small batch production. The free bending process as a method of solving this problem is attracting a lot of attention. This process can achieve precision forming of the pipe without a forming mold. The pipe can be bent into different radii by adjusting the relative positions of the fixed die and mobile die. This process not only reduces the manufacturing cost but also improves the forming quality. The development of the free bending process will help to achieve high precision, high performance, high efficiency, and digitization of the industrial production of the metal pipes. In this study, an aluminum alloy 6061 pipe with a diameter of 30 mm and wall thickness of 2.0 mm was chosen. Its mechanical parameters were obtained by a tensile test of the axial and circumferential specimens of the pipe, and the obtained parameters were used for the parameter characterization of the chosen constitutive model. Meanwhile, a press bending test was carried out to validate the chosen model. Afterward, the pipe space free bending process was simulated by the finite element method, and the results were analyzed. Finally, the optimal values of the process parameters, including the shape of the mobile die, the size of the clearance of the mobile die and pipe, the frictional coefficient, and the feed speed of the pipe, were determined. This study has a great significance in the application of pipe space free bending forming process.