弹性尾缘对超空泡航行体空泡形态与压力脉动特性影响的水洞试验研究

为分析弹性尾缘对超空泡航行体水动力特性的影响，设计一种带有可变刚度弹性尾缘的航行体模型。通过水洞试验研究了弹性尾缘航行体模型在不同压差系数、不同通气率下的空泡形态与压力脉动。试验中采用工业摄像机采集尾缘形态与流场结构，同时利用动态测试系统采集弹性尾缘区域特征点的压力脉动信息。通过空泡形态变化与特征点压力脉动变化对比分析，得到如下结论：弹性尾缘的变形随压差系数的增加而增大，当变形后的弹性尾缘直径达到航行体主体直径的1.35倍时，弹性尾缘对空泡形态有明显的影响，空泡闭合点前移至尾缘前方，尾缘后方的模型表面进入沾湿状态且压力增大；变形继续增加后，弹性尾缘后方形成了剧烈波动的尾空泡并导致沾湿面积减少，模型表面压力减小。

Experimental Investigation into the Cavity Shape and Pressure Characteristics of Supercavitating Vehicle with Elastic Trailing Edge

A vehicle model with variable stiffness elastic trailing edge is designed to analyze the influence of elastic trailing edge on the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercavitating vehicles. The cavity shape and the pressure characteristics at different differential pressures and ventilation rates are studied through water tunnel experiment. In the experiment, an industrial camera is used to observe the shape of elastic trailing edge and the flow field, and a dynamic measurement system is used to measure the pressure fluctuation about the feature points. The influence of elastic trailing edge on the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercavitating vehicle is analyzed by comparing the changes of cavity shape and pressure fluctuation. The results show that the deformation of elastic trailing edge increases with the increase in the differential pressure coefficient. When the diameter ratio of the elastic trailing edge to the main body of vehicle is 1.35, the elastic trailing edge has an obvious effect on the cavity shape, and the cavity is closed in front of the trailing edge. Behind the trailing edge, the surface pressure of the model increases with the surface contacting water. With the continuing increase in diameter ratio, a tail cavity appears and fluctuates wildly, which causes the reduction in the wetted area downstream the elastic trailing edge and the drop in surface pressure. Key