隧道地质预报探地雷达信号干扰消除方法

受探测环境制约，隧道超前地质预报过程中探地雷达反射波往往具有“弱信号，强干扰”的特征，给数据处理和解译带来极大的困难。将剪切变换（shearlet变换，ST）引入探地雷达信号处理，根据有效信号和干扰信号在剪切域中不同尺度、不同方向上的能量差异，提出一种基于自适应阀值的随机干扰去除方法，并通过正演模拟数据验证了该方法在随机干扰去除上的优势；在此基础上针对隧道超前地质预报中常见的能量接近、频率异常干扰信号，以实际数据为例说明小波变换（WT）对其去除效果；从而进一步提出小波变换与剪切变换联合干扰压制方法，即首先使用小波变换对异常频率干扰进行分离，然后采用基于自适应阀值的剪切变换对随机干扰进行压制。现场溶洞探测案例应用效果表明，本文所提出的方法能在去除干扰的同时很好地保留有效信号，根据处理后的波形堆积图可以很好地凸显地质异常区域，从而提高探地雷达资料解译精度。 

Research on the interference elimination method of GPR signal for tunnel geological prediction

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used in a wide range of shallow detection applications, such as underground geological mapping, highway detection, and hydrogeology survey. In recent years, GPR has been most widely utilized in tunnel geological prediction because it has the advantages of high resolution, intuitionistic results, and fast scanning. In addition, GPR signal is a typical nonstationary and time-varying signal, with its electromagnetic wave exhibiting strong absorption attenuation and dispersion as it propagated in complex surrounding rock. At the same time, the GPR response is often characterized by a weak signal and a strong interference because of numerous system interferences in the tunnel detection environment, which lead to difficulties in data processing and interpretation. Therefore, interference elimination is always a difficult problem when GPR is applied to tunnel geological prediction. In this study, through the introduction of shearlet transform (ST) to GPR signal processing, an adaptive thresholding method is proposed to eliminate random interference on the basis of the energy difference between effective and interference signals in the shearlet domain at different scales and directions. The advantages of this method in random interference removal are verified by forward simulation data. On this basis, the interference signal, as well as its energy proximity and frequency anomaly, common in advanced tunnel geological prediction is taken as an example to illustrate the effect of wavelet transform (WT) on its removal. In this manner, WT and ST are combined to suppress interference. First, WT is used to separate abnormal frequency interference. Then, ST based on the adaptive thresholding method is used to suppress random interference. The results of practical engineering cases of karst cave detection in the field show that the method proposed in this study can remove the interference signal, retain the effective signal, and highlight the abnormal geological area on the basis of the processed waveform stacking diagram to improve the interpretation accuracy of GPR data.