Heat Transfer in Steelmaking Ladle

The heat transfer in a steelmaking ladle was studied. The evaluation of heat transfer of the steel was performed by measuring steel temperature in points including all refining steel process. In the ladle, the temperatures in the refractories and the shell were also measured. To evaluate the thermal profile between the hot and cold faces of the ladle in the slag line position, an experiment which shows the importance of thermal contact resistance was car-ried out. Higher heat losses in the tapping and the vacuum were verified. The temperature measurements of the ladle indicate distinct thermal profiles in each stage of steel refining. Moreover, aseach stage of the process depends on the previous one, the complexity of the ladle thermal control is incremental. So a complete model of heat losses in the ladle is complex.