四个国家雪茄外包皮烟叶表面细菌分离与活性测定

研究不同国家雪茄外包皮烟叶表面细菌差异，并为筛选菌株在雪茄外包皮烟叶发酵中的利用奠定基础。利用常规分离方法对美国、巴西、多米尼加及中国4个国家的7个雪茄外包皮烟样表面细菌进行分离鉴定，并初步测定筛选细菌的功能活性。结果表明，4个不同国家雪茄外包皮烟叶表面共分离获得细菌100株；属水平上不同地区雪茄外包皮烟叶表面细菌多样性及数量存在差异，基本以芽孢杆菌和葡萄球菌为主，尤其芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属；细菌种类多米尼加 > 美国-2=中国-1 > 巴西-1 > 巴西-2 > 中国-2 > 美国-1。活性分析结果显示，具有纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶分泌功能的菌株分别为24株、20株和22株，耐烟碱菌株46株，有7株芽孢杆菌同时具有上述4种活性。本研究证明国内外不同地区雪茄外包皮烟叶表面细菌种类存在差异，以芽孢杆菌属为优势细菌，其次是葡萄球菌，且芽孢杆菌属酶活更全面，不同菌株间活性差异较大。

Isolation and Activity Determination of Surface Bacteria in Cigar Wrapper Leaves from Four Different Countries

In order to study the difference of surface bacteria of cigar wrapper leaves from different countries, and lay the foundation for further research on utilization of bacteria in tobacco fermentation, surface bacteria from seven different regions, such as US, Brazil, Dominica and China, were isolated and bioactivities determined.The results showed that 100 strains of bacteria were isolated from different cigar wrapper tobacco.At the level of genus in different regions of cigar wrapper tobacco, surface bacteria's diversity and numbers were different, and Bacillus and Staphylococcus were the main species.The microbial diversity at the level of genus gradually reduced from Dominica, America-2, China-1, Brazil-1, Brazil-2, China-2 to America-1.The results of bioactivity analysis showed that 24 strains had the ability to excrete cellulase, 20 strains had the ability to excrete pectinase, 22 strains had the ability to excrete protease, and 46 strains can grow in nicotine.Especially, 7 of the strains, which all belong to bacillus, had all four functions.This study showed that there were different species of bacteria on the surface of cigar wrapper in different regions.Bacillus was the dominant bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus.The activity of Bacillus was more comprehensive, and the bioactivity of different strains was different.