减量施肥下聚天冬氨酸对烤烟生长、产量及养分吸收的影响

为提高烤烟种植养分利用率，降低化学肥料使用量，以南江三号为试验材料进行田间试验，研究聚天冬氨酸对烤烟生长、产量及矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明，减量施肥20%水平下，添加聚天冬氨酸促进了烤烟生长及地上部干物质累积，烤烟根系活力、ATPase活性、光合速率等显著提高，且高水平聚天冬氨酸更有利于烤烟生长。与常规施肥相比，减量施肥+聚天冬氨酸处理烟叶氮磷钾累积量涨幅分别为2.79%~8.66%、2.31%~9.2%、1.15%~4.45%；土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加了6.79%~32.29%，5.71%~21.31%和1.36%~31.08%；烟叶产量变幅为-6.28%~2.46%，两处理间差异不显著。可见，施用聚天冬氨酸可以提高烤烟对养分的吸收，减少肥料施用量；以添加5%聚天冬氨酸效果较好。

Effects of Polyaspartic Acid on Growth,Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Flue-cured Tobacco with Reduced Fertilization

To improve the utilization of nutrients and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers in flue-cured tobacco farming, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of polyaspartic acid on the tobacco growth, yield and mineral elements absorption with ‘Nanjiang No.3’. The results indicated that with 20% reduction of fertilizer application, polyaspartic acid could promote flue-cured tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation, and increase the root system activity, ATPase physiological activity and photosynthetic characteristics. Furthermore, the high-level polyaspartic acid was more conducive to the tobacco final growth than any other levels. Compared with the contrast, the treatment which combined the reduction of fertilizer with the application of polyaspartic acid revealed that the accumulation of N, P and K in tobacco leaves increased by 2.79%-8.66%, 2.3%-9.2% and 1.15%-4.45%, respectively; the siol available N, P and K contents increased by 6.79%-32.29%, 5.71%-21.31% and 1.36%-31.08%, respectively; the output of tobacco leaves varied from -6.28% to 2.46% with no significant difference was found between the two treatments. It was concluded from this study that the addition of polyaspartic acid could increase the flue-cured tobacco absorption of nutrients and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, and that the application of 5% polyaspartic acid showed the best effect.