朊蛋白疾病及其肉食品安全的研究进展

英国疯牛病造成了人类疾病传播的潜在危害,牛羊肉等肉食品的安全备受关注。为了避免疯牛病污染的肉品进入食物链,世界多个研究小组对各类肉食品开展了基于疯牛病传播因子安全方面的研究。疯牛病患病牛肉可以直接感染人类并导致发病,阳性病牛应彻底销毁并进行无害化处理,严禁进入食物链。染病的羊肉和鹿肉属于高度危险食品,也应做销毁处理,而猪肉、马肉、兔肉和水牛肉等则相对比较安全。同时,朊蛋白疾病的感染还与人类自身朊蛋白编码基因多态性有关。在严格检疫的同时,培育抗病品种的家畜以及食用不易感的肉类食品成为未来肉食品安全的一种发展趋势。本文总结了疯牛病、痒病等可传播海绵状脑病患病动物的肉用安全性,还分析了疯牛病可能突破种间屏障而造成跨物种传播的可能性,为肉食品安全及检疫提供参考。

Research progress on prion diseases and the safety of meat products

The break of mad cow disease in UK became a potential hazard to human for transmission of prion diseases. Since then the safety of beef and mutton has been focused. In order to avoid bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contaminated meat coming into the food chain, many studies have been carried out for the safety assessment of several animal meats related to prion protein. The BSE contaminated beef could transmit prion diseases and result in human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and the beef with positive disease should be strictly prohibited to enter the food chain, completely destroyed and harmlessly disposed. Furthermore, infected mutton and camel meat belonged to highly dangerous food for human and should be destroyed. However, pork, horse-meat, buffalo meat and rabbit meat were relatively safe in related to prion diseases. On the other hand, the transmissibility of prion diseases had a relation to polymorphism of human prion protein encoding genes. Development of meat food from resistant animals and breeding disease resistant livestock were becoming the trend of food safety, and the measures were under the premise of strict animal quarantine. In this paper, the safety assessment of meat products from meat animals infected prion diseases were reviewed, and the possibility on that mad cow disease may break through interspecies barrier and cause species infection were also analyzed, so as to provide some advice for meat food safety and animal quarantine.